bernoulli

< /French ʒɑ̃/, 1667–1748, Swiss mathematician (brother of Jakob Bernoulli).

noun

1. Daniel (danjɛl), son of Jean Bernoulli. 1700–82, Swiss mathematician and physicist, who developed an early form of the kinetic theory of gases and stated the principle of conservation of energy in fluid dynamics
2. Jacques (ʒɑk) or Jakob (ˈjaːkɔp). 1654–1705, Swiss mathematician, noted for his work on calculus and the theory of probability
3. his brother, Jean (ʒɑ̃) or Johann (joˈhan). 1667–1748, Swiss mathematician who developed the calculus of variations

1. Family of Swiss mathematicians. Jacques (or Jakob) (1654-1705) was a major developer of calculus and made an important contribution to probability theory. His brother Jean (or Johann) (1667-1748) also developed calculus and contributed to the study of complex numbers and trigonometry. Jean’s son Daniel (1700-1782) pioneered the modern field of hydrodynamics and anticipated the kinetic theory of gases, indicating that gas pressure would increase with increasing energy. He was also one of the first scientists to understand the concept of conservation of energy.