galled








verb (used with object)

  1. to make sore by rubbing; chafe severely: The saddle galled the horse’s back.
  2. to vex or irritate greatly: His arrogant manner galls me.

verb (used without object)

  1. to be or become chafed.
  2. Machinery. (of either of two engaging metal parts) to lose metal to the other because of heat or molecular attraction resulting from friction.
  3. Metallurgy. (of a die or compact in powder metallurgy) to lose surface material through adhesion to the die.

noun

  1. a sore on the skin, especially of a horse, due to rubbing; excoriation.
  2. something very vexing or irritating.
  3. a state of vexation or irritation.

noun

  1. informal impudence
  2. bitterness; rancour
  3. something bitter or disagreeable
  4. physiol an obsolete term for bile 1
  5. an obsolete term for gall bladder

noun

  1. a sore on the skin caused by chafing
  2. something that causes vexation or annoyancea gall to the spirits
  3. irritation; exasperation

verb

  1. pathol to abrade (the skin, etc) as by rubbing
  2. (tr) to irritate or annoy; vex

noun

  1. an abnormal outgrowth in plant tissue caused by certain parasitic insects, fungi, bacteria, or mechanical injury
n.1

“bile,” Old English galla (Anglian), gealla (W. Saxon) “gall, bile,” from Proto-Germanic *gallon- (cf. Old Norse gall, Old Saxon, Old High German galla, German Galle), from PIE root *ghel- “gold, yellow, yellowish-green” (see Chloe). Informal sense of “impudence, boldness” first recorded American English 1882; but meaning “embittered spirit, rancor” is from c.1200, from the medieval theory of humors. Gall bladder recorded from 1670s.

n.2

“sore spot on a horse,” Old English gealla “painful swelling,” from Latin galla “gall, lump on plant,” originally “oak apple,” of uncertain origin. Perhaps from or influenced by gall (1) on notion of “poison-sore.” German galle, Dutch gal also are from Latin.

v.

“to make sore by chafing,” mid-15c., from gall (n.2). Earlier “to have sores, be sore” (early 14c.). Figurative sense of “harass, irritate” is from 1570s. Related: Galled; galling.

  1. An abnormal swelling of plant tissue, caused by injury or by parasitic organisms such as insects, mites, nematodes, and bacteria. Parasites stimulate the production of galls by secreting chemical irritants on or in the plant tissue. Galls stimulated by egg-laying parasites typically provide a protective environment in which the eggs can hatch and the pupae develop, and they usually do only minor damage to the host plant. Gall-stimulating fungi and microorganisms, such as the bacterium that causes crown gall, are generally considered to be plant diseases.
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