seldom

adverb

1. on only a few occasions; rarely; infrequently; not often: We seldom see our old neighbors anymore.

adjective

2. rare; infrequent.

adverb

1. not often; rarely

adv.late Old English seldum, alteration of seldan “seldom, rarely,” from Proto-Germanic *selda- “strange, rare” (cf. Old Norse sjaldan, Old Frisian selden, Dutch zelden, Old High German seltan, German selten), perhaps ultimately from the base of self (q.v.). Form shifted on analogy of adverbial dative plurals in -um (e.g. whilom “at one time,” from while). The same development also created litlum from little, miclum from mickle. German seltsam “strange, odd,” Dutch zeldzaam are related, but with the second element conformed to their versions of -some. Seldom-times is from mid-15c. (Old English had seldhwanne “seldwhen”). Seldom-seen is from mid-15c. (Old English had seldsiene, “seld-seen”). Some compounds using the old form survived through Middle English, e.g. selcouth“rarely or little-known, unusual, strange, wonderful,” from Old English selcuð, seld-cuð, from seldan + cuð (see couth). Old English seldan had comparative seldor, superlative seldost; in early Middle English, as seldan changed form and lost its connection with these, selde was formed as a positive. Shakespeare uses seld-shown.